![]() In section 5 I summarize the findings and add some conclusions. In the second place, I discuss different patterns of polysemy for various types of beneficiary, depending on the choice between dative coding and prepositional coding. The results are two-fold: in the first place, I suggest that Ancient Greek underwent a change with respect to the typology sketched in section 2. In section 4 I discuss the evidence provided by such diachronic analysis. In section 3 I describe the Greek data, which are of special interest because they offer the possibility to follow the diachronic development of beneficiary expressions from Homeric to Classical Greek. In the morning, we got up and got ready for work. In the morning we got up and got ready for work. In section 2 I sketch a brief typology of beneficiary roles. Adverb phrases at the beginning of the sentence, now introductory prepositional phrases, are usually separated from the sentence by a comma unless they are very short (three words or fewer) and it is easy to tell where the phrase ends. ![]() ![]() In addition, I describe various types of beneficiary. Different coding possibilities for beneficiary have been the matter of previous research, which I survey in the course of this paper. Greek prepositions originate from spatial adverbs the extension of their meaning from space to more abstract relations is often documented in texts from different periods. Prepositional phrases, on the other hand, are a more recent means of expression. The coding of beneficiary through the dative case is attested throughout the history of the Greek language, and appears to be inherited from Proto-Indo-European. In this paper, I analyze different ways of coding beneficiary in Ancient Greek: through the plain dative and through prepositional phrases. Although the evidence from just one language might appear not to be strong enough, the fact that very different processes of restructuring and abandoning of inherited properties align to cross-linguistically preferred structures is revealing. In other words, while cross-linguistically preferred structures (harmonic orders) emerged with no precondition in the source, cross-linguistically dispreferred structures disappear despite being inherited. Secondly, we provide evidence for the reverse case as well: cross-linguistically dispreferred properties of prepositional phrases inherited from their source are abandoned in the course of the development by the time of Postclassical Greek. Neither of these two developments had a bias for ordering heads before dependents in its respective historical source. First, we argue that the development of the two harmonic, head-dependent word orders in Postclassical Greek can hardly be considered a historical coincidence because they largely match chronologically and, at the same time, are entirely unrelated etymologically. We detail the development of prepositions and prepositional phrases and discuss the rise of the verb-object word order in Postclassical Greek. In this paper we provide twofold evidence against this approach. simply due to etymological relatedness of harmonic orders (i.e. It suspends with any functional or cognitive explanations of these universals by Occam's razor because harmonic orders may allegedly be explained as historical accidents, i.e. Unusually, the town was not crowded with tourists.The source-oriented explanation in typology-recently popularized by a number of typologists-challenges a number of well-established universals, including the well-known correlational universals of harmonic ordering of heads and dependents across different domains of grammar.She's not capable of caring for herself.They were not impressed by your argument.about, at, by, for, from, in, of, to, withĪnd here are lists of adjectives that take specific prepositions, with a few example sentences for each group.Here are the most common prepositions that follow adjectives in this way: So when you learn a new adjective, it's a good idea to learn the preposition that goes with it, and write the "collocation" or combination down in your vocabulary notebook. ![]() Unfortunately, there is no rule to tell you which preposition goes with which adjective. We often follow adjectives by prepositions (words like of, for, with), for example:
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